Census of India, 1981 <br/><br/>
District census handbook, 1981. Village & town directory. Village & townwise primary census abstract. Karnataka. V. 9, Part  XIII A & B. 
Census of India, 1981 
 - Karnataka  Govt. Press India          1981 
<br/><br/><label>Source: </label> General Book 
<br/><br/><label>Dewey Class. No.: </label>Y:5.213sN81, M1.RAI