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020			_a9780691217024
037			_cTextual
040			_aRTL _cRTL
084			_qRTL
100			_aOgilvie, Sheilagh _9855466
245			_aThe European guilds: An economic analysis
260			_aPrinceton _bPrinceton University Press _c2019
300			_axvi, 645 p. _bIncludes bibliographical reference and index
520			_aGuilds ruled many crafts and trades from the Middle Ages to the Industrial Revolution, and have always attracted debate and controversy. They were sometimes viewed as efficient institutions that guaranteed quality and skills. But they also excluded competitors, manipulated markets, and blocked innovations. Did the advantages of guilds outweigh their costs? Analyzing thousands of guilds from 1000 to 1880, The European Guilds answers that question with vivid examples and clear economic reasoning. Sheilagh Ogilvie features the voices of honourable guild masters, underpaid journeymen, exploited apprentices, shady officials, and outraged customers, and follows.
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999			_c1466093 _d1466093